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BACKGROUND: Descriptively, male-female differences in alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders appear to have decreased in birth cohorts reaching adulthood since the 1970s compared to earlier birth cohorts. However, such birt...
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BACKGROUND: Descriptively, male-female differences in alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders appear to have decreased in birth cohorts reaching adulthood since the 1970s compared to earlier birth cohorts. However, such birth cohort effects on gender differences have never been statistically tested in nationally representative data. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that gender differences in alcohol consumption, abuse, and dependence are decreasing over time. METHODS: Face-to-face survey conducted in the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions among those aged <90 (N=42,693). Birth cohort was divided into four categories: 1913-1932, 1933-1949, 1950-1967, 1968-1984. Outcomes included lifetime largest drinks, frequent binge drinking, DSM-IV defined alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence, measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS-IV). FINDINGS: Birth cohort and gender interacted significantly in predicting lifetime largest drinks (F=27.6, [d.f.=3], p<0.0001), frequent binge drinking (F=40.0, [d.f.=3], p<0.0001), alcohol abuse (F=62.0, [d.f.=3], p<0.0001) and alcohol dependence (F=15.3, [d.f.=3], p<0.0001). Cohort-specific ORs indicated monotonic decreases in the gender ratio in more recent birth cohorts for all outcomes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that gender differences in the prevalence of all four outcomes are decreasing in younger age cohorts. While these changes are consistent with a cohort effect, the possibility of age and period effects cannot be ruled out but suggest important avenues for more specific hypothesis testing. Further, women in younger cohorts may be in need of new targeted prevention and intervention efforts.
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The Stockholm Birth Cohort Study (SBC) was created in 2004/ 2005 by a probability matching of two comprehensive and longitudinal datasets. The first, the Stockholm Metropolitan study 1953-1985, consists of all children bom in 1953...
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The Stockholm Birth Cohort Study (SBC) was created in 2004/ 2005 by a probability matching of two comprehensive and longitudinal datasets. The first, the Stockholm Metropolitan study 1953-1985, consists of all children bom in 1953 and living in the Stockholm metropolitan area in 1963. The second. The Swedish Work and Mortality Database 1980-2002 (WMD), consists of all individuals living in Sweden in 19S0 or 1990, and born before 1985. The initiative to create the database was taken by Denny Vagero at the Centre for Health Equity Studies, CHESS, of Stockholm University/Karolinska Institute and Sten-Ake Stenberg at the Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University (SOFI). We refer to the resulting database as the SEC, which in effect provides a 50 year long follow-up of the original 1953 birth cohort.
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Purpose: Previous studies have produced conflicting results with regard to the association between birth weight and developmental stuttering. This study sought to determine whether birth weight was associated with childhood and/or...
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Purpose: Previous studies have produced conflicting results with regard to the association between birth weight and developmental stuttering. This study sought to determine whether birth weight was associated with childhood and/or adolescent stuttering in three British birth cohort samples.Methods: Logistic regression analyses were carried out on data from the Millenium Cohort Study (MCS), British Cohort Study (BCS70) and National Child Development Study (NCDS), whose initial cohorts comprised over 56,000 individuals. The outcome variables were parent-reported stuttering in childhood or in adolescence; the predictors, based on prior research, were birth weight, sex, multiple birth status, vocabulary score and mother's level of education. Birth weight was analysed both as a categorical variable (low birth weight, <2500g; normal range; high birth weight, >4000g) and as a continuous variable. Separate analyses were carried out to determine the impact of birth weight and the other predictors on stuttering during childhood (age 3,5 and 7 and MCS, BCS70 and NCDS, respectively) or at age 16, when developmental stuttering is likely to be persistent.
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In this article, I investigate the association between maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and children’s birth outcomes (birth weight) across three different birth cohorts. I also perform mediation analysis to assess the degree ...
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In this article, I investigate the association between maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and children’s birth outcomes (birth weight) across three different birth cohorts. I also perform mediation analysis to assess the degree to which maternal smoking habits during pregnancy account for this relationship. I draw from three UK cohort studies: the 1958 National Child Developmental Study (NCDS); the 1970 British Cohort (B70); and the 2001 Millennium Cohort study (MCS). There are two main results. First, low-SES mothers are more likely to have children with poor birth outcomes and this association has remained persistent throughout the last 50 years. Second, smoking explains a large part of this association, but only in the two most recent cohorts.
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The Wuhan Pre/Post-Natal Twin Birth Registry (WPTBR) is one of the largest twin birth registries with comprehensive medical information in China. It recruits women from the first trimester of pregnancy and their twins from birth. ...
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The Wuhan Pre/Post-Natal Twin Birth Registry (WPTBR) is one of the largest twin birth registries with comprehensive medical information in China. It recruits women from the first trimester of pregnancy and their twins from birth. From January 2006 to May 2016, the total number of twins enrolled in WPTBR is 13,869 twin pairs (27,553 individuals). The WPTBR initiated the Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort (WTBC). The WTBC is a prospective cohort study carried out through incorporation of three samples. The first one comprises 6,920 twin pairs, and the second one, 6,949 twin pairs. Both are population-based samples linked to the WPTBR and include pre- and post-natal information from WPTBR. The second sample includes neonatal blood spots as well. Using a hospital-based approach, we recently developed a third sample with a target enrolment of 1,000 twin pairs and their mothers. These twins are invited, via their parents, to participate in a periodic health examination from the first trimester of pregnancy to 18 years. Biological samples are collected initially from the mother, including blood, urine, cord blood, cord, amniotic fluid, placenta, breast milk and meconium, and vaginal secretions, and later from the twins, including meco-nium, stool, urine, and blood. This article describes the design, recruitment, follow-up, data collection, and measures, as well as ongoing and planned analyses at the WTBC. The WTBC offers a unique opportunity to follow women from prenatal to postnatal, as well as follow-up of their twins. This cohort study will expand the understanding of genetic and environmental influences on pregnancy and twins' development in China.
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Abstract Objective To investigate the recurrence of preterm birth (PTB) among the poorest half of the Brazilian population. Methods A population‐based retrospective study was conducted in Brazil with the live births of multiparou...
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Abstract Objective To investigate the recurrence of preterm birth (PTB) among the poorest half of the Brazilian population. Methods A population‐based retrospective study was conducted in Brazil with the live births of multiparous women extracted from the CIDACS Birth Cohort between 2001 and 2015. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds of recurrent PTB in second and third births. Results A total of 3?528?050 live births from 1?764?025 multiparous women were analyzed. The adjusted odds for the occurrence of a PTB given a previous PTB was 2.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.53–2.62). Lower gestational age increased the odds of a subsequent PTB (<28?weeks: adjusted OR [aOR] 3.61, 95% CI 3.41–3.83; 28–31?weeks: aOR 3.34, 95% CI 3.19–3.49; and 32–36?weeks: aOR 2.42, 95% CI 2.38–2.47). Women who had two previous PTBs were at high risk of having a third (aOR 4.98, 95% CI 4.70–5.27). Recurrence of PTB was more likely when the inter‐birth interval was less than 12?months. Conclusion In Brazil, a middle‐income country, women with a previous PTB had an increased risk of a subsequent one. This association was affected by gestational age, the number of PTBs, severity of previous PTBs, and a short interval between births.
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Abstract Introduction With changes in norms related to cannabis use and in the regulation of cannabis, understanding trends in cannabis use is important, especially differentiating between trends that affect cohorts of all ages si...
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Abstract Introduction With changes in norms related to cannabis use and in the regulation of cannabis, understanding trends in cannabis use is important, especially differentiating between trends that affect cohorts of all ages similarly, versus trends that disproportionately affect a younger generation. The present study examined the age‐period‐cohort (APC) effects on monthly cannabis use among adults in Ontario, Canada over a 24‐year period. Methods Data were utilised from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor Survey, an annual repeated cross‐sectional survey of adults 18?years of age and older. The present analyses focused on the 1996 to 2019 surveys, which employed a regionally stratified sampling design using computer‐assisted telephone interviews (N?=?60,171). Monthly use of cannabis stratified by sex were examined. Results There was about a five‐fold increase in monthly cannabis use from 1996 (3.1%) to 2019 (16.6%). The youngest adults use cannabis monthly more, but the patterns of monthly cannabis use appeared to be increasing among older adults. Adults born in the 1950s had higher prevalence of cannabis use (1.25 times more likely to use) compared to those born in 1964, with strongest period effect in 2019. The subgroup analysis of monthly cannabis use by sex showed little variation in APC effects. Discussion and Conclusions There is a change in patterns of cannabis use among older adults and inclusion of birth cohort dimension improves the explanation of cannabis use trends. Adults in the 1950s birth cohort and increases in the normalisation of cannabis use could also be the key to explaining increasing monthly cannabis use.
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A season of birth effect in addictive disorders has scarcely been studied. As smoking isknown to be a highly addictive behavior, we examined whether there exists an associ-ation between season of birth and smoking habits among the...
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A season of birth effect in addictive disorders has scarcely been studied. As smoking isknown to be a highly addictive behavior, we examined whether there exists an associ-ation between season of birth and smoking habits among the general population inthe Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC, n = 8,319). The birth month ofeach cohort member was categorized into one of the four seasons: spring(March-May), summer (June-August), autumn (September-November), or winter(December-February). Smoking habits of the cohort members were assessed by apostal questionnaire at the age of 31 yrs. Those who reported that they regularlysmoked 11 or more cigarettes/day were regarded as heavy smokers. The associationbetween season of birth and smoking was assessed with a logistic regression analysis:first, after controlling for early pregnancy-related and perinatal characteristics (Model1) and second, after controlling for cohort members' hospital-treated psychiatricdisorders, suicide attempts, adult educational level, and marital status (Model 2).Compared to males born in winter, the likelihood for heavy daily smoking was signifi-cantly increased, up to 1.3-fold, among males born in the autumn in both logisticregression models. However, among females the likelihood for heavy smoking wasstatistically significantly elevated among those born during any season other thanwinter. Season of birth may modify the development of dopaminergic or other neu-rotransmitter systems divergently among males and females. Altered expression ofdopaminergic genes due to environmental climatic factors could explain the associ-ation between season of birth and heavy smoking.
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There is little record of birth weight of Irish Travellers, a minority group in Ireland. Travellers are known to have higher rate of adult chronic disease and to be exposed to life-long disadvantage. The aim of this study was to e...
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There is little record of birth weight of Irish Travellers, a minority group in Ireland. Travellers are known to have higher rate of adult chronic disease and to be exposed to life-long disadvantage. The aim of this study was to establish whether the birth weight and infant mortality rate patterns in Ireland's Travellers were consistent with the developmental plasticity hypothesis. A 1-year follow-up birth cohort study was conducted with linkage data from maternity hospital records of Traveller infants born on the island of Ireland over a 12-month period to self-identifying Traveller and general Irish population mothers from the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study. The main outcome measure was the rate of birth weight <3000 g in a cohort of Traveller children. There were 987 confirmed Traveller births, 500 of whose mothers consented to linkage to their records. A social gradient was observed in the distribution of birth weight in the general population and Traveller infants constituted the highest proportion of all social classes in the birth weight range of 3 kg or less (16.3%). There was a high rate of persistent smoking among Traveller mothers (53%). After adjustment for smoking and alcohol consumption in pregnancy, the birth weight differential persisted (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.4-8.1). Infant mortality rate at 12.0/1000 births (95% CI 5.5-19.7) was almost four times that of the general population. This analysis confirms Travellers had a greater than expected incidence of low birth weight and high infant mortality with high rates of premature adult chronic diseases from all causes already demonstrated previously.
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Importance: Although studies in western countries suggest that ambient air pollution is positively associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, the upper levels of pollutant exposures have been relatively low, thus eroding confiden...
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Importance: Although studies in western countries suggest that ambient air pollution is positively associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, the upper levels of pollutant exposures have been relatively low, thus eroding confidence in the conclusions. Meanwhile, in Asia, where upper levels of exposure have been greater, there have been limited studies of the association between air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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